Jeffrey J. Bütz
Religion & Spirituality
Inner Traditions
4.5
Reveals the true role of James, the brother of Jesus, in early Christianity

• Uses evidence from the canonical Gospels, apocryphal texts, and the writings of the Church Fathers to reveal the teachings of Jesus as transmitted to his chosen successor: James

• Demonstrates how the core message in the teachings of Jesus is an expansion not a repudiation of the Jewish religion

• Shows how James can serve as a bridge between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

James has been a subject of controversy since the founding of the Church. Evidence that Jesus had siblings contradicts Church dogma on the virgin birth, and James is also a symbol of Christian teachings that have been obscured. While Peter is traditionally thought of as the leader of the apostles and the "rock" on which Jesus built his church, Jeffrey Bütz shows that it was James who led the disciples after the crucifixion. It was James, not Peter, who guided them through the Church's first major theological crisis--Paul's interpretation of the teachings of Jesus.

Using the canonical Gospels, writings of the Church Fathers, and apocryphal texts, Bütz argues that James is the most overlooked figure in the history of the Church. He shows how the core teachings of Jesus are firmly rooted in Hebraic tradition; reveals the bitter battles between James and Paul for ideological supremacy in the early Church; and explains how Paul's interpretations, which became the foundation of the Church, are in many ways its betrayal. Bütz reveals a picture of Christianity and the true meaning of Christ's message that are sometimes at odds with established Christian doctrine and concludes that James can serve as a desperately needed missing link between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam to heal the wounds of centuries of enmity.

John Dominic Crossan
Religion & Spirituality
HarperOne
3.5
John Dominic Crossan is the leading contemporary scholar on the historical Jesus, which means that his vocation is to look behind, around, and through Christ's resurrection, toward the goal of establishing what can be known about the life of Jesus of Nazareth.

His search for the historical Jesus, however, takes place in the larger context of the life of the church. Among the goals of The Birth of Christianity is to teach readers how our habits of worship have created false gods. To that end, Crossan attempts to unearth the religion's earliest forms. What did Christianity look like, Crossan asks, between the crucifixion and the conversion of Paul? And what might Christianity look like today had Saul never set off toward Damascus?

Crossan's conclusions don't come from newly discovered documents; they come from freshly-minted academic methodologies. He uses anthropology, history, and archaeology to construct his arguments about the essential nature of both Jesus' religion and Paul's. The 25-cent summary of his conclusion is that Jesus did not recognize the dualism between spirit and flesh that formed the basis of Paul's apocalyptic Christianity. In other words, Jesus was more Jewish than Paul.

The ramifications of this argument are huge. Crossan says much of Christian worship--and many of the world's injustices--are based on the dualistic Christ that Paul preached. Though Crossan doesn't bully readers into accepting his conclusions, he does press hard for them to situate their own beliefs in relation to his interpretations of Jesus and Paul. At every point in the evolution of his argument, he asks readers questions such as "How do you understand a human being?" and "What is the character of your God?" Then he proceeds to answer these questions himself. Finally, he tells readers what he thinks these answers mean.

It's an incredibly civilized style of argument--both spiritually and intellectually respectful and always rhetorically engaging. Though The Birth of Christianity weighs in at almost 600 pages of text, you'll probably want to read every word. And after that, you'll probably be hungry for more.

L. C. L., Sir Brenton
Nonfiction
Hendrickson Publishers
4.5
This edition of The Septuagint with Apocrypha (the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament and the apocryphal books of the same linguistic origin) gives the complete Greek text along with a parallel English translation by Brenton.

Lane Fox Robin

Laterza

C'è stato un tempo in cui gli dèi si mescolavano agli uomini alla luce del giorno. Atena camminava al fianco di Odisseo, e così Teti con suo figlio Achille, mentre Enea riconobbe Apollo dalla sua voce, nonostante il dio gli si fosse presentato in umili panni. Nei loro sogni i pagani interagivano con le divinità, che aiutavano e proteggevano i propri 'favoriti'. I devoti offrivano libagioni per propiziarsene il favore. Magia e divinazione erano forme consuete di conoscenza. L'impatto del cristianesimo su questa realtà fu graduale: dalle campagne raggiunse gli strati inferiori della popolazione urbana e da lì si diffuse finché, nell'età di Costantino, gli uomini volsero definitivamente le spalle al facile contatto pagano con il divino.

Liverani Mario

Laterza

Mario Liverani insegna Storia del Vicino Oriente antico all'Università di Roma "La Sapienza", è accademico dei Lincei e membro onorario dell'American Oriental Society. Dirige la missione archeologica nell'Acacus, nel Sahara libico. In questo volume ripercorre la storia antica di Israele, prendendo atto dei risultati della critica testuale e letteraria applicata ai testi biblici, dell'apporto dell'archeologia e della epigrafia, e facendo propri i criteri della moderna metodologia storica.

Minucio Felice M.

Edizioni Associate

Mordilla
All French Books
Seuil

Nolli Gianfranco

Libreria Editrice Vaticana

of Alexandria Philo
Biographies & Memoirs
Hendrickson Publishers
4.5
While it would not be correct to say that Philo's works have been "lost"—scholars have always known and used Philo—they have essentially been "misplaced" as far as the average student of the Bible is concerned. Now the translation of the eminent classicist C. D. Yonge is available in an affordable, easy-to-read edition, with a new foreword and newly translated passages, and containing supposed fragments of Philo's writings from ancient authors such as John of Damascus. The title and arrangement of the writings have been standardized according to scholarly conventions.

A contemporary of Paul and Jesus, Philo Judaeus, of Alexandria, Egypt, is unquestionably among the most important writers for historians and students of Hellenistic Judaism and early Christianity. Although Philo does not explicitly mention Jesus, or Paul, or any of the followers of Jesus, Philo lived in their world. It is from Philo, for example, that we learn about how, like the Gospel of John, Jews (and Greeks) in the Greco-Roman world spoke of the creative force of God as God's Logos. Philo, too, employs interpretive strategies that parallel those of the author of Hebrews. Most scholars would agree that Philo and the author of Hebrews are drawing from the same, or at least similar, traditions of Hellenistic Judaism. With these kind of connections to the world of Judaism and early Christianity, Philo cannot be ignored.

Origene

UTET

Pagels Elaine

Mondadori

Nel dicembre 1945, a Nag Hammadi, nell'Alto Egitto, un contadino arabo trovò seppellita nella sabbia una giara di terracotta rossa contenente tredici volumi di papiro rilegati in cuoio. Erano i testi sacri di quell'ala gnostica del Cristianesimo primitivo che, fiorita tra il I e II IV secolo d.C. dall'Iraq all'Egitto, da Roma a Lione, era stata soffocata dall'ortodossia organizzata. Solo da poco si è cominciato a capire l'importanza di questi scritti. Da essi appare, fra l'altro, che già nei primi secoli si sentiva la necessità di affrontare problemi finora ritenuti più recenti: la resurrezione di Gesù è un fatto storico o simbolico? Qual è la vera Chiesa, quella "celeste o quella "terrestre"? Dio è solo Padre o anche Madre?

Paul Veyne
Divers Christianisme Histoire et Actualité Littérature Religions et Spiritualités Brochés (grands formats)
Albin Michel
4.5

Paula Fredriksen
Religion & Spirituality
Yale University Press
4.5
How did Jesus of Nazareth become the Christ of the Christian tradition? And why did the early Christian communities develop different theological images of Jesus? In this exciting new book, Paula Fredriksen answers this question by placing the various canonical images of Jesus within their historical context-the Hellenistic and Judaic cultures from which the Christian communities grew. Carefully examining the New Testament texts, she provides fascinating insights into such issues as the social and religious problems facing early Christian communities, the content of Jesus' ministry, and the circumstances of his crucifixion.

Paula Fredriksen
Religion & Spirituality
Vintage
4.0
The epigraph to Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews by Paula Fredriksen includes the following observation by Matteo Ricci: "[A]ll things (including those that at last come to triumph mightily) are at their beginnings so small and faint in outline that one cannot easily convince oneself that from them will grow matters of great moment." This little thought helps to explain Fredriksen's big one, that no one during Jesus' lifetime (including the man himself) considered Jesus to be the Messiah. That interpretation of his life, Fredriksen argues, was occasioned by his death: "Jesus' crucifixion as King of the Jews had come as a shock to his core followers. Their experiences of his continued presence after his death, on the evidence of the Gospels, surprised them, too. Seeking to understand what they had witnessed, they turned to Scripture." Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews makes its argument through careful reconstruction of Jesus' historical context, and dogged attention to the details of his crucifixion and to the fates of his immediate followers. The book's surprising arguments and its lucid style make this a valuable addition to the canon of popular Historical Jesus scholarship. --Michael Joseph Gross

Payam Nabarz
Literature & Fiction
Inner Traditions
3.5 (11 voti)
An overview of Mithraism, the ancient Roman mystery religion popular in the Roman Legions

• Provides a comprehensive history of Mithraism, including its influence on Christianity and Islam

• Includes rituals, meditations, and teaching tales for readers who wish to follow the Mithraic path

• Studies the evolution and divergence of the Eastern (Persian) and Western (Roman) forms of Mithraism

The Mysteries of Mithras presents a revival of the magical practices and initiatory system of Mithraism, the ancient Roman mystery religion that was immensely popular in the Roman Legions from the late second century B.C. until A.D. 400 and was taken to every corner of the Roman Empire. As the last pagan state religion in Europe, it was the most important competitor to early Christianity and heavily influenced Christian doctrine and symbolism. The parallels between Christianity and ancient Mithraism are striking--for example, the god Mithra was born of a virgin in a cave on December 25.

Payam Nabarz reveals the history, origins, and spiritual and philosophical tenets of Mithraism and its connections to Christianity, Islam, and Freemasonry. He also describes the modern neo-pagan practice of Mithraism in evidence today and for readers who wish to adopt the Mithraic path, he includes seven of its initiatory rituals and meditations, as well as orations and teaching tales, that open the door to the seven Mithraic grades of passage.

Peter Gandy, Timothy Freke
History
Three Rivers Press
3.5 (210 voti)
This astonishing book completely undermines the traditional history of Christianity that has been perpetuated for centuries by the Church. Drawing on the cutting edge of modern scholarship, authors Tim Freke and Peter Gandy present overwhelming evidence that the Jesus of the New Testament is a mythical figure.

Far from being eyewitness accounts, as is traditionally held, the Gospels are actually Jewish adaptations of ancient Pagan myths of the dying and resurrecting godman Osiris-Dionysus. The supernatural story of Jesus is not the history of a miraculous Messiah, but a carefully crafted spiritual allegory designed to guide initiates on a journey of mystical discovery.

A little more than a century ago most people believed that the strange story of Adam and Eve was history; today it is understood to be a myth. Within a few decades, Freke and Gandy argue, we will likewise be amazed that the fabulous story of God incarnate -- who was born of a virgin, who turned water into wine, and who rose from the dead -- could have been interpreted as anything but a profound parable.

Poppi Angelico

EMP

La disposizione sinottica del testo italiano si arricchisce della possibilità di confronto parallelo con il testo originale greco tratto dal Codice Vaticano. Testo in greco e italiano, editio major per importanza scientifica. Presenta una ripartizione quadriforme e la ripetizione dell'intero ciclo per Matteo, Marco, Luca e Giovanni nelle due lingue, con ampio apparato critico. Si tratta di testo di riferimento per lo studio esegetico di alto livello (Facoltà, Seminari). Particolari accorgimenti grafici poi evidenziano le varianti dei testi, le citazioni bibliche, la duplice e triplice tradizione, gli accordi minori.

Pseudo-Clemente

Città Nuova

Raymond E. Brown
Religion & Spirituality
Doubleday
4.5
From its earliest days as a renegade religion in the Roman Empire through its various schisms and splits to present-day disagreements between Eastern Orthodox followers, Roman Catholics, and hundreds of different Protestant denominations, Christianity has been a source of great controversy--most of it centered on the reading of Scripture. There are those Christian conservatives who view the Bible as the literal word of God and the events detailed therein as historical fact. Other, more liberal Christians see the Good Book primarily as literature, a metaphor for how people should live. Mine the pages of the Biblical Archeological Review and you'll find scientists trying to prove or disprove the historical reality of Old and New Testament events and structures--everything from the Ark of the Covenant to King David's palace. In An Introduction to the New Testament, author Raymond E. Brown, a Catholic priest, ignores the swirl of conflict surrounding the Bible as historical artifact, concentrating instead on the message it contains.

Father Brown analyzes each of the 27 books in the New Testament, devoting painstaking attention to sources, dates, and authorship, as well as commentary on the spiritual, historical, and thematic aspects. He believes that modern-day Bible readers can only interpret it within its historical context. An Introduction to the New Testament, read with a Bible in hand, can only enrich and deepen your understanding of that germinal religious text.

Robert Eisenman
Religion & Spirituality
Booksales
5.0
This exciting work by the author of the 300,000-copy bestseller The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered challenges established views on the origins of Christianity. Professor Eisenman reveals startling information about the first Christians, the Righteous Teacher, the apocalyptic documents of the time, and more.